Treatment depends on the dog’s particular signs, but should first focus on life-support even before diagnostics, as anaphylaxis can progress rapidly. The veterinarian will first ensure the dog can breathe, placing an endotracheal breathing tube or performing a tracheostomy if needed. Drugs to help dilate the breathing passageway may also help.
Rapid drug therapy is key to treatment. Drugs may include epinephrine, antihistamines, glucocorticoids, bronchodilators, vasopressors, and anticholinergics.
Epinephrine is the most essential drug for treatment. It constricts blood vessels, which leads to higher blood pressure, better circulation, and decreased swelling around the upper airway. It also increases the heart’s output and dilates the bronchi. Intravenous fluids may increase blood volume and pressure. In more severe cases, the dog may not respond to epinephrine and fluids. Other drugs, such as vasopressors, that increase the heart’s contractility may help.
Once the dog is responding, it should be hospitalized for 48 to 72 hours, as its organs can still quickly deteriorate.
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Dogs